The developments of emergency medicine and emergency medical services (EMS) have occurred simultaneously although at times on parallel paths. The recognition of EMS providers as physician surrogates and emergency care resources as an extension of emergency department care has mandated close physician involvement. This intimate physician involvement in EMS activities is now well accepted. It has, however, pointed out the need for in-depth training of physicians in the subspecialty of EMS.
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Krohmer et al. (1994) studied this question.
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