This article presents an institutional analysis of the effects of educational expansion on (1) the development of democratic political systems in new nations and (2) popular participation in politics within democratic systems. A major purpose is to contribute to the emerging discussion of education that recognizes that many of the taken-for-granted effects of education on individuals and society are not universal. In considering how the effects of education are socially constructed, I present a series of hypotheses and discuss evidence from comparative research.
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David H. Kamens (1988) studied this question.
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