Unveiling unity: how Thailand’s Muslim minorities weave a multicultural society

This research analyzes the implementation of multicultural practices in Thailand, especially in Muslim minority communities, and compares it with other Southeast Asian countries, namely Myanmar and the Philippines. Using qualitative methods as well as multiculturalism and cultural identity theory, this research explores the similarities, differences, challenges and opportunities in supporting diversity and inclusion. Accordingly, the study employed semi-structured interviews with ten voluntary participants who were selected to provide in-depth insights relevant to the research objectives. The research results show that although there are policies to promote multiculturalism, their implementation is uneven and Muslim communities in Southern Thailand face discrimination and inequality. Comparisons with Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines revealed similar obstacles, even though all three countries have national principles that support multiculturalism. This research identifies opportunities such as increased awareness of minority rights and economic empowerment, but challenges such as ethnic conflict and inconsistent policies remain significant. The findings of this study validate the important contributions of Taylor, Connolly and Eck by illustrating that multiculturalism requires institutional recognition and sustained and tangible engagement with diversity to achieve true inclusion in Southeast Asia.