A well-known limitation of the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT method is that it can get confused and track in wrong direction during rapidly changing irradiation. The present work offers a simple and effective solution to this problem, by using an additional measurement of the solar array's power in the middle of the MPPT sampling period. The method has been experimentally tested and compared with the traditional P&O method
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Séra et al. (2006) studied this question.
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