Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Figures

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  Figure 1. Measurement of blood flow velocity spectrum in the right common carotid artery (CCA) [A before enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and B during EECP].

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  Figure 2. Measurement of blood flow velocity spectrum in the right brachial (RB) artery (A before EECP and B during EECP).

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  Figure 3. Effect of EECP on the mean inner diameters (ID) of the left and right carotid artery (RC/LC) (A,B), RB (C), and right femoral (RF) artery (D) in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and controls before, during, and after a 45 min-EECP. a indicates significant differences in measurements obtained during EECP vs. pre-EECP; b indicates differences between post-EECP vs. during-EECP, and c refers to comparisons between post-EECP vs. pre-EECP. “*” and “**” denote p < 0.5 and < 0.01 respectively. “+” and “++” denote p-values of the difference between groups < 0.5 and < 0.01, respectively.

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  Figure 4. Effect of EECP on the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the RC and LC (A,B), RB (C), and RF (D) in the patients with CAD and controls before, during, and after a 45 min-EECP. a indicates significant differences in measurements obtained during EECPvs. pre-EECP; c refers to comparisons between post-EECP vs. pre-EECP. * and ** denote p < 0.5 and < 0.01 respectively.

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  Figure 5. Effect of EECP on the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of RC and LC (A,B), RB (C), and RF (D) in the patients with CAD and controls before, during, and after a 45 min-EECP. a indicates significant differences in measurements obtained during EECP vs. pre-EECP; b indicates differences between post-EECP vs. during-EECP. ** and ++ denote p-values < 0.01 of the difference between groups.

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  Figure 6. Effect of EECP on the resistance index (RI) of RC (A) and LC (B) in the patients with CAD and controls before, during, and after a 45 min-EECP. a indicates significant differences in measurements obtained during EECP vs. pre-EECP; b indicates differences between post-EECP vs. during-EECP, and c refers to comparisons between post-EECP vs. pre-EECP. * and ** denote p < 0.5 and < 0.01 respectively. + and ++ denote p-values of the difference between groups < 0.5 and < 0.01, respectively.

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  Figure 7. Effect of EECP on the flow rate (FR) of RC and LC (A,B), RB (C), and RF (D) in the patients with CAD and controls before, during, and after a 45 min-EECP. a indicates significant differences in measurements obtained during EECP vs. pre-EECP; b indicates differences between post-EECP vs. during-EECP. * and ** denote p < 0.5 and < 0.01 respectively. + denotes p-values of the difference between groups < 0.5.