Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Short-axis and four-chamber CMR images of the LV acquired at the end-diastole. The upper panel (A and B) depicts the male ventricle with an LVM index of 81.12 g/m2 and an LVEDV index of 62.76 ml/m2 at baseline. The lower panel (Figure C and D) depicts the reverse remodeling of the ventricle with an LVM index of 70.55 g/m2 and a LVEDV index of 69.23 ml/m2 in the follow-up. LV: left ventricle, LVM: left ventricular mass, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume

• 

  Fig. 2. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images in one female patient before ASA with an LVM index of 151.74 g/m2, an LVEDV index of 79.61 ml/m2 and a remote LGE of 13.52 g (A) and at follow-up after ASA with an LVM index of 141.26 g/m2, an LVEDV index of 84.61 ml/m2 and a remote LGE of 13.47 g (B) and in one male patient before ASA with an LVM index of 107.04 g/m2, an LVEDV index of 83.84 ml/m2 and a remote LGE of 9.16 g (C) and at follow-up after ASA with an LVM index of 90.59 g/m2, an LVEDV index of 89.09 ml/m2 and a remote LGE of 9.09 g (D). The blue arrows indicate the position of the alcohol ablation. ASA alcohol septal ablation, LVM left ventricular mass, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LGE late gadolinium enhancement

• 

  Fig. 3. Comparison of A LVM index, B LV EDV index, C LGE and D left ventricular outflow tract gradient in men (n = 54) versus women (n = 53) at baseline and long-term follow-up after ASA LVM left ventricular mass, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, ASA alcohol septal ablation

• 

  Fig. 4. Kaplan–Meier curve of the composite endpoint in female patients undergoing ASA vs. male patients