the trachea past the soft tissues and potential obstruction from swelling, tumors, or vocal cords. Method: Consultant anaesthesia staff were to use the device following two or more failed attempts at intubation. Results: Over an 18-month period, there were 10 reports of failed intubation from seven consultants. Of these, eight intubations were successful on first attempt when the introducer was used. Notably, it was beneficial with an "anterior larynx," pharyngeal edema, one patient with a laryngeal tumor, and for intubation of awake patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit. Conclusion: This simple, disposable device appears efficacious in unanticipated, difficult intubations. A follow-up randomized study is underway to assess its effect on the success rate of routine intubations by less experienced operators.
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Navein et al. (1995) studied this question.