High-density lipoprotein functionality in cholesterol efflux in early childhood is related to the content ratio of triglyceride to cholesterol

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Definition of the relative HDL functionality in cholesterol efflux. The correlation between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CEC was evaluated in 239 samples (a). The blue and red dotted lines indicate linear and curved regression lines, respectively. Standardized CEC (stCEC) based on the HDL-C value of each participant was calculated using a curved regression equation (stCEC = 0.2475 × HDL-C0.3471) to fit the best with the correlation. The ratio of measured CEC to stCEC (CEC/stCEC) in each participant was defined as the relative HDL functionality in cholesterol efflux (b). The black and red dots indicate relatively high and low HDL functionality in cholesterol efflux, respectively. The black dotted line indicates the reference CEC/stCEC value (1.000). R correlation coefficient (matched to each color), AU arbitrary unit.

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  Fig. 2. Comparison of CEC, CEC/stCEC, HDL-C, HDL-TG, and HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio by age. CEC (a,f,k), CEC/stCEC (b,g,l), HDL-C (c,h,m), HDL-TG (d,i,n), and HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio (e,j,o) obtained from 239 samples was compared among four groups divided by age (< 28d, < 28-day-old; <4 m, 28-day-old–3-month-old; <1y, 4–11-month-old and ≥ 1y, ≥ 1-year-old). The comparison was carried out divided into three categories, whole participants (a–e), the participants with < 50 mg/dl (f–j) and ≥ 50 mg/dl (k–o) HDL-C, using Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Comparison with Steel-Dwass method. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

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  Fig. 3. Distributions of CEC, CEC/stCEC, HDL-C, HDL-TG and HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio by age. The distributions of CEC (a–d), CEC/stCEC (e–h), HDL-C (i–l), HDL-TG (m–p), and HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio (q–t) were evaluated according to age (days). The blue dotted lines indicate the linear regression lines for each age group. Red lines indicate the reference value (1.000) of CEC/stCEC and the averages of CEC, HDL-C, HDL-TG, and HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio in the participants aged 0 day.

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  Fig. 4. Involvement of gestational age and birth weight in CEC and CEC/stCEC. Correlation studies were carried out for every four groups divided by age (red circle, < 28-day-old; green box, 28-day-old–3-month-old; yellow triangle, 4–11-month-old; and gray circle, ≥ 1-year-old). Dotted lines indicate linear regressions corresponding to each color assigned to four age groups.

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  Fig. 5. Correlation between HDL lipids and CEC or CEC/stCEC by age. Correlation between HDL-C (a–d), HDL-TG (e–h), or HDL-TG/HDL-C ratio (i–l) and CEC (black circle) or CEC/stCEC (red circle) were estimated by age (a,e,i, < 28-day-old; b,f,j, 28-day-old–3-month-old); (c,g,k 4–11-month-old; d,h,l, ≥ 1-year-old). Black and red dotted lines indicate linear regressions for CEC and CEC/stCEC, respectively. AU arbitrary unit, R correlation coefficient corresponding to each color of linear regression.