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The uncertain demand from logistic systems and hydrogen fuel ships calls for more flexible resources to improve the utilization of fluctuating offshore wind. This study proposes a two-stage robust planning model of multiple types of energy storage systems in seaport-integrated energy systems to minimize the overall operation and investment cost. To improve offshore wind energy utilization, this study introduces multiple flexible resources, including hydrogen fuel ships, hydrogen and electric storage systems, and logistic systems. Additionally, an improved column and constraint generation algorithm is proposed for solving the proposed model to improve solving efficiency with convergence guarantees. The case study illustrates that the proposed strategy can reduce overall costs and computational time.
Zhang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.