Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome exert cardioprotective effects after myocardial infarction primarily through paracrine immunomodulatory functions rather than direct differentiation.
The paracrine and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells present a promising therapeutic approach for cardiac repair following myocardial infarction.
Inflammation plays crucial roles in the regulation of pathophysiological processes involved in injury, repair and remodeling of the infarcted heart; hence, it has become a promising target to improve the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as an effective and innovative treatment option for cardiac repair owing to their paracrine effects and immunomodulatory functions. In fact, transplanted MSCs have been shown to accumulate at injury sites of heart, exerting multiple effects including immunomodulation, regulating macrophages polarization, modulating the activation of T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells and alleviating pyroptosis of non-immune cells. Many studies also proved that preconditioning of MSCs can enhance their inflammation-regulatory effects. In this review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of the mechanisms on MSCs and their secretome regulating inflammation and immune cells after myocardial infarction and shed light on the applications of MSCs in the treatment of cardiac infarction.
Shao et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Myocardial infarction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome was evaluated. Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome exert cardioprotective effects after myocardial infarction primarily through paracrine immunomodulatory functions rather than direct differentiation.
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