Key result
Exercise interventions such as resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in individuals with normal weight obesity.
Why the study?
Normal weight obesity increases cardiometabolic dysfunction risk, but the effects of exercise interventions in reducing cardiometabolic disease risk in this population remain incompletely elucidated.
Do exercise interventions (resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise) improve body composition and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with normal weight obesity?
Do exercise interventions (resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise) improve body composition and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with normal weight obesity?
Exercise interventions such as resistance training, high-intensity interval training, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise are suggested as effective proactive strategies to improve body composition and reduce cardiometabolic risk in normal weight obesity.
Supports exercise consideration in normal weight obesity; leaves open confirmation by randomized trials.
PURPOSE: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by a normal body mass index but a high body fat mass percentage and low skeletal muscle mass, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction and morbidity. However, the effects of exercise intervention in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic disease in NWO have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the potential cardiometabolic disease risk and to provide implications of exercise interventions for the proactive prevention of cardiometabolic disease risk in NWO.METHODS: We searched and summarized the literature on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. In addition, we summarized literature investigating the effects of exercise intervention on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. We performed the literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: NWO was associated with increased visceral fat, ectopic fat, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with normal weight lean. NWO requires exercise interventions that induce alterations in body composition, such as decreased body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can improve lipid components and alter body composition in NWO. In addition, low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) may enhance muscular strength and anaerobic power in NWO.CONCLUSIONS: The cardiometabolic disease risk is increased in NWO. We suggest that exercise interventions (RE, HIIE, and BFR-RE) may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in NWO. As this has potential implications for exercise interventions in NWO, further investigations are needed to find the optimal exercise for proactive prevention of cardiometabolic risk in NWO.
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Ji et al. (2022) conducted a review in Normal weight obesity (NWO). Exercise interventions (Resistance exercise, High-intensity interval exercise, Blood flow restriction resistance exercise) was evaluated. Exercise interventions such as resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in individuals with normal weight obesity.
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