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The batik industry generates wastewater containing dyes, heavy metals, and hazardous chemicals that cause serious environmental pollution. This study introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled wastewater treatment system integrating real-time monitoring with a heterogeneous Fenton process using biochar and natural zeolite catalysts. Biochar, derived from sugarcane bagasse by pyrolysis, and natural zeolite with high ion-exchange capacity were modified through Fe impregnation to enhance catalytic activity. Characterization using BET, SEM–EDX, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry confirmed porous morphology, surface area, and elemental composition supporting performance. The IoT platform with sensors and microcontrollers monitored parameters such as pH and temperature, ensuring process optimization. The system achieved up to 95% dye removal, with red and orange dyes showing the highest efficiency. Recyclability tests showed zeolite maintained stable performance over four cycles, while biochar declined due to pore saturation and temporary catalytic activity. The novelty of this work lies in combining IoT-based monitoring with eco-friendly catalysts to create a cost-effective and scalable solution. Designed for small and medium enterprises, the system reduces environmental impact, supports regulatory compliance, and provides a practical pathway toward sustainable wastewater management aligned with global sustainability goals. • Smart Waste Solution Integrating IoT and Heterogeneous Fenton Process • Biochar and Zeolite as Efficient and Sustainable Catalysts • Integrated and Modular Smart Waste Prototype • High Adsorption Performance on Batik Wastewater treatment • Impact and Potential for SMEs and the Circular Economy
Amelia et al. (Wed,) studied this question.