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In this paper we introduce AFFDEX 2.0 – a toolkit for analyzing facial expressions in the wild, that is, it is intended for users aiming to; a) estimate the 3D head pose, b) detect facial Action Units (AUs), c) recognize basic emotions and 2 new emotional states (sentimentality and confusion), and d) detect high-level expressive metrics like blink and attention. AFFDEX 2.0 models are mainly based on Deep Learning, and are trained using a large-scale naturalistic dataset consisting of thousands of participants from different demographic groups. AFFDEX 2.0 is an enhanced version of our previous toolkit [36], that is capable of tracking faces at challenging conditions, detecting more accurately facial expressions, and recognizing new emotional states (sentimentality and confusion). AFFDEX 2.0 outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in AU detection and emotion recognition. AFFDEX 2.0 can process multiple faces in real time, and is working across the Windows and Linux platforms.
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Bishay et al. (2023) studied this question.