Prophylactic Treatment with Hydrogen Sulphide Can Prevent Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in L-NAME Induced Hypertensive Rats with Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. (A): Plasma H2S concentration on days 0, 21st and 36th (n = 6) while (B): Plasma H2S concentration on day 36. All the data is presented as mean ± SD with p < 0.05. ψ vs. day 0 of respective groups; * vs. WKY-RF on day 36th of the study; # vs. RF on day 36.

• 

  Figure 2. RCBP measurement in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). All the data is presented as mean ± SD with significance set at 95% confidence. ψ vs. pre-ischemic phase of respective groups; ϕ vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase.

• 

  Figure 3. (A–C). Na in plasma, Na in urine and FENa in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). (A): sodium in plasma, (B): sodium in urine, (C): Fractional excretion of sodium. Data was analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. All the data is presented as mean ± SEM with significance set at 95% confidence (p < 0.05). ψ p < 0.05 vs. pre-ischemic phase of respective groups; ϕ p < 0.05 vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # p < 0.05 vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ p < 0.05 vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π p < 0.05 vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ p < 0.05 vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase; α p < 0.05 vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase. FENa = Fractional excretion of sodium.

• 

  Figure 4. (A–C). K in plasma, K in urine and FEK in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). (A): potassium in the plasma, (B): Potassium in the urine, (C): Fractional excretion of potassium. ϕ vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase.

• 

  Figure 5. (A–C). Na:K ratio, Cr. in plasma and Cr. in urine in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). (A): sodium to potassium ratio, (B): Plasma creatinine, (C): Urinary creatine. ψ vs. pre-ischemic phase of respective groups; ϕ vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase; α vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase. Na:K ratio = Sodium:potassium ratio. Cr. = Creatinine.

• 

  Figure 6. (A–C). MDA, T-SOD and GSH concentration in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). (A): MDA levels in the plasma, (B): SOD levels in the plasma, (C): GSH levels in the plasma. ψ vs. pre-ischemic phase of respective groups; ϕ vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase; α p < 0.05 vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase.

• 

  Figure 7. (A–D). ICAM-1 and NF-kB concentrations in the plasma and kidney tissues in pre-ischemia and reperfusion phases (n = 6). (A): ICAM-1 levels in the plasma, (B): NF-kB in the plasma, (C): ICAM-1 levels in the kidney tissue. (D): NF-kB levels in the kidney tissue. All the data is presented as mean ± SD with significance set at 95% confidence (p < 0.05). ψ vs. pre-ischemic phase of respective groups; ϕ vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase; # vs. WKY-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; δ vs. L-NAME-RF in reperfusion phase. π vs. L-NAME-RF+NaHS in reperfusion phase; φ vs. WKY-CONTROL in reperfusion phase; α p < 0.05 vs. WKY-RF in reperfusion phase, * vs. Pre-ischemic phase of respective WKY group.

• 

  Figure 8. Histopathology of kidney tissue by using H&E staining. (A); WKY-CONTROL; (B): WKY-RF; (C): WKY-RF+NaHS; (D): WKY-RF+PAG; (E): L-NAME-CONTROL; (F): L-NAME-RF; (G): L-NAME-RF+H2S. (D,F) round circles represents damage of the glomerulus of the kidney of WKY-RF+PAG and groups L-NAME-CONTROL. Glomerulus function is stored in (G) after treatment with H2S in L-NAME-RF+H2S group. Round circles and scale bars focusing glomerulus.

• 

  Figure 9. Summary of parameters changed during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in hypertensive (HTN) renal failure (RF) cases which impaired the performance of the kidney as shown in (A) and prophylactic treatment of H2S on all parameters during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in hypertensive (HTN) renal failure (RF) cases reverse all the parameters of Figure 9A and restored the performance of the kidney as shown in (B).