Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Abstract The study examines the methods for producing hydrogen using solar energy as a catalyst. The two commonly recognised categories of processes are direct and indirect. Due to the indirect processes low efficiency, excessive heat dissipation, and dearth of readily available heat-resistant materials, they are ranked lower than the direct procedures despite the direct procedures superior thermal performance. Electrolysis, bio photosynthesis, and thermoelectric photodegradation are a few examples of indirect approaches. It appears that indirect approaches have certain advantages. The heterogeneous photocatalytic process minimises the quantity of emissions released into the environment; thermochemical reactions stand out for having low energy requirements due to the high temperatures generated; and electrolysis is efficient while having very little pollution created. Electrolysis has the highest exergy and energy efficiency when compared to other methods of creating hydrogen, according to the evaluation.
Hassan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.