Energy-Efficient Optimization for RIS-Aided MIMO Covert Communications

In this work, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-based multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) covert communication system is considered and studied for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, while the joint optimization of precoder and RIS reflection phase is carried out to improve the covert communication performance. To solve this problem, we first derive the optimal signal-interference-to-noise ratio under covert communication and transmit power constraints. Then, we simplify the optimized function and use an iterative optimization algorithm to determine the optimal phase shift and precoding in continuous and discrete cases. Simulation results show that the RIS-aided MIMO covert communication system proposed in this article can significantly improve the invisibility of the implementation from Willie. In addition, for covert communication, the performance of the continuous phase shift case outperforms that of the discrete phase shift and fixed phase.