Genetically predicted higher urinary sodium-to-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart diseases (OR 2.06) and six other cardiovascular diseases.
Observational (n=827,616)
Yes
Does genetically predicted higher sodium intake increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in individuals of European ancestry?
Genetically predicted higher sodium intake is causally associated with an increased risk of several cardiovascular diseases, including coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease, supporting dietary sodium restriction.
Odds Ratio: 2.06 (95% CI 1.46–2.93)
Background The existing literature on the link between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) largely consists of observational studies that have yielded inconsistent conclusions. In this study, our objective is to assess the causal relationship between sodium intake and 50 CVDs using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods MR analyses were performed to investigate the associations between urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (U Na /U Cr ), an indicator of sodium intake, and 50 CVDs. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for U Na /U Cr was from the UK Biobank (UKBB), and the GWASs for CVDs were from FinnGen. A false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of 5% was applied for multiple comparison correction. Results The inverse-variance weighted method indicated that the genetically predicted U Na /U Cr was significantly associated with 7 of 50 CVDs, including “Coronary atherosclerosis” (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.95), “Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries” (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.94), “Hard cardiovascular diseases” (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.35), “Ischemic heart diseases” (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.93), “Major coronary heart disease event” (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.91), “Myocardial infarction” (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.19), and “Peripheral artery disease” (OR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.35, 4.63). Similar results were obtained with the MR-Egger and weighted median methods. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in this analysis. Conclusion Our study has uncovered a significant positive causal relationship between U Na /U Cr and various CVDs. These results offer a new theoretical foundation for advocating the restriction of sodium intake as a preventive measure against CVD.
Fu et al. (Fri,) conducted a observational in Cardiovascular diseases (n=827,616). Genetically predicted urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (UNa/UCr) vs. Lower genetically predicted UNa/UCr was evaluated on Ischemic heart diseases (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.46-2.93). Genetically predicted higher urinary sodium-to-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart diseases (OR 2.06) and six other cardiovascular diseases.