Investigation of Linear and Nonlinear Properties of a Heartbeat Time Series Using Multiscale Rényi Entropy

Figures

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  Figure 1. RR interval time series of normal, early cardiac autonomy neuropathy (eCAN) and definite CAN (dCAN).

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  Figure 2. An illustration of the composition of the raw 100 RR tachogram for participants without CAN (Normal group). (a) The RR time series after filtering and pre-processing; (b) The increment (ΔRR = RRn − RRn−1) of the time series shown in (a); (c) The magnitude of the increment; (d) The sign of the increment; (e) The acceleration (Δ2RR = RRn − 2RRn−1 + RRn−2).

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  Figure 3. An illustration of the composition of the raw 100 RR tachogram for a participant with Early CAN. (a) The RR time series after filtering and pre-processing; (b) The increment (ΔRR = RRn − RRn−1) of the time series shown in (a); (c) The magnitude of the increment; (d) The sign of the increment; (e) The acceleration (Δ2RR = RRn − 2RRn−1 + RRn−2).

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  Figure 4. An illustration of the composition of the raw 100 RR tachogram for a person with Definite CAN. (a) The RR time series after filtering and pre-processing; (b) The increment (ΔRR = RRn − RRn−1) of the time series shown in (a); (c) The magnitude of the increment; (d) The sign of the increment; (e) The acceleration (Δ2RR = RRn − 2RRn−1 + RRn−2).

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  Figure 5. Values of Rényi entropy based on the magnitude of the difference between RR intervals, for sequences of 4 values.

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  Figure 6. Values of Rényi entropy based on the acceleration of RR intervals, for sequences of 4 values.