Enteroviruses in Water: Epidemiology, Detection and Inactivation

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of enteroviruses structure and genome. (A) The icosahedral capsid consists of an arrangement of 60 monomers or protomers each composed of four structural proteins, VP1 in blue, VP2 in green, VP3 in yellow and VP4, which is located on the internal side of the capsid (PDB ID: 6ZMS). (B) The positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA genome (~7.4 kb) contains two open reading frames (ORF and ORF2) flanked by a 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) covalently linked to the viral protein VPg (3B) and by a 3'UTR terminated with a poly‐A tail, mimicking cellular mRNA. The IRES structure upstream of the two ORFs recruits the ribosome that transcribes the ORFs. ORF2 encodes an ORF2p protein, which is involved in intestinal infection. The large ORF encodes a polyprotein, which is cleaved by the proteases 2Apro and 3Cpro into eleven proteins.