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Cyber-Physical Systems improve productivity and competitiveness of enterprises by connecting manufacturers with the entire supply chain using information and communications technology. Lean principles are commonly applied to improve processes and create flawless material and information flows. However, integrating lean principles into Industry 4.0 has not been well elaborated in previous studies to address dynamic changes and complex material and information flow in processes. In this study, a comprehensive framework for integrating lean principles and industry 4.0 is proposed for addressing the issues mentioned above. A lean-based architecture is developed in an Industry 4.0 context to enhance connectivity between Industry 4.0 elements and enable better information exchange efficiency with improved decision-making accordingly. Besides, a smart value stream mapping VSM 4.0 is proposed to improve materials and information flow and allow real-time self-decision-making throughout production processes by utilizing the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. The suggested Lean-based Industry 4.0 Architecture integrated with VSM 4.0 allows better system efficiency and responsiveness, controllability, and robustness against random failures.
Nounou et al. (Tue,) studied this question.