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Driven by the urgent need to displace fossil fuels for carbon emission reduction and climate change mitigation, offshore wind energy has emerged as a highly promising renewable energy source. By harnessing the power of strong and consistent wind across the vast expanse of the open sea, offshore wind turbines offer extraordinary potential for generating enormous amounts of electricity, supplying abundant clean energy to coastal regions and beyond. Situated at sea, offshore turbines can capitalize on stronger and steadier wind, resulting in higher energy production compared to their onshore counterparts. Furthermore, offshore wind turbines offer the additional advantage of minimizing visual impacts and noise pollution on human beings, making them particularly suitable for densely populated areas near coastlines.
Niu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.