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Kevin Clancy, John Bartolomeo, David Richardson, Charles Wellford, Sentence DecisionMaking: The Logic of Sentence Decisions and the Extent and Sources of Sentence Disparity, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), Vol. 72, No. 2 (Summer, 1981), pp. 524-554
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Clancy et al. (1981) studied this question.
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