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Artificial light sources play an indispensable role in the daily life of any human being. This paper provides an overview of the present state of research in the science and technology of light sources. The paper includes a brief historical overview and a discussion of the properties that determine the performance of light sources. Existing technologies and future challenges for the lighting industry are presented in the domains of both electrical discharge lamps and solid-state light sources. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of taking a holistic view of the development of lighting systems in order to obtain high quality lighting that is needed for ensuring quality of life, health and security of end-users. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Zissis et al. (Thu,) studied this question.