Histopathological spectrum of ovarian lesions – A retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Ovarian lesions range from benign cysts to malignant tumors with significant morbidity and mortality. Ovarian tumors are often asymptomatic in early stages and frequently go undetected until they reach an advanced stage, resulting in a poor prognosis. Assessing the histopathological spectrum of ovarian lesions is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to study the histopathology of various ovarian lesions with respect to various parameters such as age, bilaterality, and microscopic features and to study the incidence of various physiological, inflammatory, neoplastic, and other types of ovarian masses. Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study based on histopathological evaluation of 101 cases of ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions received at the department of Pathology, LG hospital, Maninagar, from June 2019 to June 2022. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was taken. Results: Out of 101 cases, 37 cases were non-neoplastic while remaining 64 cases were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was corpus luteal cyst (45.94%). Out of 64 neoplastic cases, 55 (85.94%) were benign and surface epithelial lesions, and 39 cases (60.94%) were the most common histological subtype. Most of the patients were in the reproductive age group, i.e., in 21–40-year age range, and mostly unilateral. Conclusion: Both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the ovary often present with similar clinical and radiological features. Hence, histopathological study is essential to diagnose ovarian lesions and predict their prognosis.