Purpose This study aims to identify biodiversity indicators and develop a corresponding taxonomy for businesses and sustainable supply chain research. It also clarifies how biodiversity indicators support the long-term resilience and sustainability of supply chains in general. A framework is introduced to delineate the relationships among biodiversity indicators for researchers, practitioners and policymakers. Design/methodology/approach A multi-stage methodology was used, including iterative consolidation, theoretical mapping and generative AI-powered data mining. An intuitive taxonomy and framework development process helped guide the analysis. Indicators were organized through an inductive approach and structured within a drivers–pressures–state–impact–response model, followed by cross-validation through a targeted literature review. Findings A total of 249 biodiversity indicators were identified and classified into 10 main categories and 30 subcategories. These categories make explicit how biodiversity is linked to supply chain risk and resilience, ranging from ecosystem functions and services to governance and response indicators. Major dimensions include methodology, governance, genetic diversity, species, habitat, ecosystem functions, services and pressures. The drivers–pressures–state–impact–response framework provides a logical, process-oriented set of relationships between indicators and demonstrates how the taxonomy can align with established reporting and policy frameworks. Originality/value This study lays a foundation for evaluating sustainable supply chain performance using biodiversity indicators, supporting academics, practitioners and policymakers in advancing supply chain management. It also offers a framework for evidence-based biodiversity management within organizational supply chains, although practical implementation remains an important area for future investigation.
Sorooshian et al. (2026) studied this question.