Adaptation strategies and resilience models for Ukrainian enterprises in times of crisis and martial law

In the context of Russian full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine – unprecedented since the country’s independence – traditional management approaches have proved ineffective, creating an urgent need to explore new mechanisms for business survival. The transformation of enterprises under the influence of extreme uncertainty is becoming a decisive factor not only for preserving the country’s economic potential but also for its future recovery. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the adaptation tools used by Ukrainian companies during the period of martial law, which has been in force since 2022, and to develop a scientifically grounded model for enhancing their viability. The research was based on the application of a systematic approach, classification methods and a comparative analysis of the evolution of scientific views on economic stability within the framework of the “conflict continuum” concept. The study identified key vectors of business transformation, covering the operational, financial and technological spheres. The study demonstrated that adaptive capacity acts as a fundamental mediator that directly shapes the overall resilience of an organisation. It has been established that cost optimisation has become a strategic imperative, compelling management to implement flexible budgeting, energy autonomy and lean manufacturing methods. Asset relocation has been identified as a key component of resilience; with the support of government programmes, it can be used for production cycle to be maintained in safe regions. Digital transformation, which ensures cyber resilience and business continuity in hybrid environments, has been given particular attention. The role of alternative funding sources, such as grants and risk-sharing, in supporting business solvency has been highlighted. The authors proposed a generalised model that integrates strategic flexibility, decentralised decision-making and scenario planning as the basis for crisis management. The recommendations and developed models can be used by business leaders to adjust their crisis management plans, as well as by government authorities when developing programmes to support and stimulate investment in the post-war period