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This study explores the factors influencing adoption of ISPO certification among oil palm smallholders in Riau Province, Indonesia.

June 4, 2026AgricultureOpen Access

Drivers of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification Adoption: Evidence from Multi-Group Analysis in Riau Province

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Randomized trial examines ISPO certification adoption in smallholders, highlighting behavioral factors and support needs.

This study explores the factors influencing adoption of ISPO certification among oil palm smallholders in Riau Province, Indonesia.
Data collected from 300 smallholders in Riau Province.
Analyzed using Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis based on the Theory of Planned Behavior framework.
Examined differences between scheme and independent smallholders regarding ISPO adoption predictors.
Behavioral intention significantly predicts ISPO readiness for both groups (β = 0.376 for independent; β = 0.229 for scheme).
Perceived behavioral control significantly influences readiness only among scheme smallholders (β = 0.344).
Collective farmer group membership uniformly enhances adoption intention and readiness across both groups.

Pratama et al. (2026) studied this question.

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