From event anaphora to complementizer—An evidence from spoken language in Xinmi dialect " zhe "

摘要: 标句词是语言学研究的热点，汉语是否存在与英语 that 一样由指示代 词转换而来的标句词尚未发掘。河南新密方言口语中的"这"可以促 使之后的结构变为句法不自足的小句，并引导其充当句子的主宾语， "这"的功能已由事件指代逐渐演变为从句标识。标识从句的"这" 不但与指示代词有语音差异；且不与句子中的成分发生结构关系，可 以省略。引导小句的"这"不能与量词、数量词组合；没有具体语义， 不表指别，不能被提问；已虚化为仅有引导作用的从句标句词。 ABSTRACT: Investigating Complementizer is a continuing concern within linguistics research. However, fewer scholars have been able to draw an any systematic research into the comparison of Chinese Complementizer and "that". Whether there are Complementizer converted from demonstrative pronouns like 'that' in English has not been discovered yet. In spoken language in Xinmi dialect, " zhe " promotes the subsequent structure into a syntactically unself-contained clause, and guides it to serve as the subject and object in the sentence. In this case, " zhe " has already transformed as a typical clause tag but not a demonstrative pronoun. The complementizer " zhe " not only has a phonetic difference with the demonstrative pronouns, but it also shows rare specific semantics. " zhe " in the leading clause is also different from the demonstrative pronoun. It does not have a structural relation with other components in the sentence and can be omitted. And it cannot be questioned. It can be omitted, but it cannot be combined with quantifiers. " Zhe " has a fixable syntactic position. All those evidence presents that " zhe " has been grammatically transformed into a subordinate clause's maker with guiding effects.