Resting HRV as a trait marker of rumination in healthy individuals? A large cross-sectional analysis

The tendency to ruminate (i.e., repetitive, self-referential, negative thoughts) is a maladaptive form of emotional regulation and represents a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for stress-related psychopathology. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting parasympathetic nervous system activity, is commonly used as a physiological marker of stress regulation. Past research has suggested a link between trait rumination and resting HRV at baseline; however, inconsistent results exist in healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated the association between the tendency to ruminate and resting HRV measured at baseline in a healthy population using a large cross-sectional dataset (N = 1189, 88% women; mean age = 21.55, ranging from 17 to 48 years old), which was obtained by combining samples of healthy individuals from different studies from our laboratory. The results showed no cross-sectional correlation between resting baseline HRV and trait rumination (confirmed by Bayesian analyses), even after controlling for important confounders such as gender, age, and depressive symptoms. Also, a nonlinear relationship was rejected. In summary, based on our results in a large sample of healthy individuals, baseline resting HRV is not a trait marker of the tendency to ruminate.