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Erythropoietin (EPO) is the glycoprotein hormone which controls the production of erythrocytes in mammals. Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin which delivers oxygen from the lungs to other tissues throughout the body. The amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues is controlled by the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream. Erythrocytes have a finite life span, and, therefore, maintenance of normal oxygen delivery requires continuous replacement of those aged erythrocytes normally lost from the circulation. Adjustments in this basal rate of erythrocyte production are made when tissue oxygenation becomes either decreased or increased compared to the normal level. Development of anemia due to blood loss or inspiration of decreased atmospheric oxygen at high altitude results in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Koury et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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