Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Frozen p-i-n Junction at Room Temperature

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are a new approach to achieving light emission from semiconducting (luminescent) polymers. The fabrication and structure of bright polymer LECs are described that operate at room temperature in the frozen p-i-n mode. Their performance characteristics are shown to be similar to those of polymer light-emitting diodes. Frozen-junction LECs are demonstrated to fulfill all the criteria for electroluminescent devices suitable for high pixel density, column–row addressable flat-panel displays.