Observing free play in classrooms with an instrument based on video analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the play behaviour of 877 children aged four to six in 47 classes of different sizes in the Netherlands. Video recordings were captured during choice (free play) time once in each class. The video recordings were analysed by trained bachelor students in education with the help of an observation instrument. In child-initiated play, children showed a variety of play, that is, sensory, motor, construction, make-believe, and arts and games that contribute to the physical, emotional, social and cognitive development. Make-believe play and arts and games were observed the most. A rich playing environment (e.g. sand and water and boxes to climb on) yielded variation in play. The results of this study show that experienced teachers and contextual factors are of importance to provoke a variety in play.