Review of the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Consumption, Occurrence, Potential Impacts on Environmental Health, and Insights into Regulatory Decision-Making Brazilian Aquatic Ecosystems

, have been used to investigate the NSAIDs' adverse effects. The investigations reported endocrine disruption effects by diclofenac and ibuprofen, isolated and combined, in teleosts, oxidative stress responses, and immunotoxicity effects after NSAIDs exposure. When considering the ecotoxicological risk assessment of NSAIDs to Brazilian water bodies, the data showed a low risk quotient (RQ) for the native models across Brazilian territory. However, due to the lack of investigations using representative biological models and robust data concerning the adverse biological impacts of NSAIDs, the RQ may be underestimated, and future directions on NSAIDs investigations are suggested using an integrative approach between environmental safety standards and human health at different environmental risk evaluations.