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Pd and Pt clusters on carbon substrates have been studied by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Variations in valence- and core-level spectra with cluster size have been observed. Single-atom centers appear to exist in the d⁹s¹ configuration. The d-electron count increases with cluster size, and in the case of Pt a correlation between d-orbital occupation and catalytic activity in electroless nickel deposition is observed.
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Mason et al. (1977) studied this question.
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