The hottest matter that existed in the early Universe after the big bang, the quark-gluon plasma, is created in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy nuclei. By studying narrow streams of fast-moving particles coming from the collisions, nuclear physicists learn about properties of this hot, dense medium. This work reviews current experimental evidence and related theoretical descriptions of the plasma's constituents and properties.
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Connors et al. (2018) studied this question.
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