Why the study?
The study of blood flow is becoming an emerging trend in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery.
4D flow MRI is a promising non-invasive tool for detailed hemodynamic assessment in cardiovascular diseases, though technical limitations and lack of standardization remain challenges.
The study of blood flow is becoming a new trend in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. Based on the literature and our own data, a review is presented on the use of 4D flow in diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The main state of the question about the features of the application of the technique in various pathologies of the cardiovascular system is described in detail, the priorities, limitations and promising directions of the technique application are considered taking into account the goals of practical medicine. The review consists of two parts. The first is devoted to general issues, limitations of the technique, and issues of 4D flow mapping in patients with lesions of the great vessels. In the second part, the emphasis is on the use of 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging in the study of intraventricular blood flow and the application of the technique in congenital heart and vascular diseases.
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Lyudmila A. Yurpolskaya (2024) conducted a review in Cardiovascular diseases. 4D flow MRI was evaluated.
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