Early heart rate fluctuation and outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flowchart of the study. MMIC-IV, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV; ICU, intensive care unit; HR, heart rate; bpm, beats per minute.

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  Fig. 2. Spline function plot of the association between HR fluctuation and outcomes in the total study participants: A) ICU mortality, B) hospital mortality, and C) 28-day mortality. Vertical dashed lines indicated the reference condition. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, weight, Charlson comorbidity index, SOFA score, admission ICU unit, pulmonary infection, genitourinary infection, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, SpO2, temperature, WBC count, Platelet count, hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, blood glucose, prothrombin time, sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, vasopressor, mechanical ventilation, and RRT. HR, heart rate; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SpO2, Saturation of Pulse Oxygen; WBC, white blood cell; bpm, beats per minute; RRT, Renal Replacement Therapy.

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  Fig. 3. The adjusted hazard ratios of different HR fluctuation groups and outcomes in the total study participants. Incidence rate: number of cases per 1000 person-years. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, weight, Charlson comorbidity index, SOFA score, admission ICU unit, pulmonary infection, genitourinary infection, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, SpO2, temperature, WBC count, Platelet count, hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, blood glucose, prothrombin time, sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, vasopressor, mechanical ventilation, and RRT. HR, heart rate; ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SpO2, Saturation of Pulse Oxygen; WBC, white blood cell; bpm, beats per minute; RRT, Renal Replacement Therapy.