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Stiffness constants and constants of equivalent viscous damping are presented for single, vertical piles in the form of tables and charts. The soil shear modulus is either constant or varies with depth according to a quadratic parabola. The butt is either fixed or pinned. The piles are presumed to be both end bearing and pinned. Geometric as well as material damping is considered.
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Novák et al. (1983) studied this question.
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