[1] Interdependence between El-Niño/Southern Oscillation and Indian monsoon is analyzed with the use of Granger causality estimation from data for the period 1871–2006. Four different versions of the Niño-3 and Niño-3.4 index are used to check robustness of the results. We reveal a non-symmetric bidirectional and even alternating character of coupling that extends previous knowledge about the presence of negative correlation and intervals of phase synchrony between the processes.
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Мохов et al. (2011) studied this question.
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