Causality and the power spectrum

We find constraints on the generation of super-causal-horizon energy perturbations from a smooth initial state, under a simple physical scheme. We quantify these constraints by placing the upper limit λc{}3.0dH on the wavelength at which the power spectrum turns over to k⁴ behavior. This means that subhorizon processes can generate significant power on scales further outside the horizon than one might naively expect. The existence of this limit may have important implications for the interpretation of the small scale power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. {} 1996 The American Physical Society.