Key result
Subcutaneous preadipocytes from children had fewer but larger lipid vesicles and were more inhibited by TNF-alpha, whereas visceral cells were more effectively stimulated by IGF-I.
This study demonstrates regional differences in adipogenesis and response to hormonal manipulation between subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes in prepubertal children, which may have implications for the development of obesity.
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Hypothesis-generating for depot-specific adipogenesis in children; does not yet inform clinical obesity management.
The relationship between subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte metabolism and development has been extensively studied in adult but not in pediatric tissue. Our aim was to isolate, develop, characterize, and compare primary cell cultures of subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes from 16 normal prepubertal children (10 male and 6 female). Subculture techniques were developed to increase cell number and allow differentiation using a chemically defined serum-free medium. Removal of insulin from the differentiation medium prevented adipogenesis in both subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes, whereas coincubation with rosiglitazone markedly enhanced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression, and triglyceride accumulation in cells from both fat depots. Adiponectin secretion increased with differentiation from undetectable levels at day 0. Histological analyses demonstrated significant differences in lipid droplet number and size, with subcutaneous cells having fewer but larger vesicles compared with visceral cells. Downregulation and reorganization of the cytoskeleton appeared comparable. We further demonstrate regional differences in adipogenesis manipulation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was more effective at inhibiting differentiation in subcutaneous cells, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated differentiation more effectively in visceral cells. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 enhanced differentiation equally. These observations may have important physiological and pharmacological implications for the development of obesity in later life.
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Grohmann et al. (2004) studied Normal prepubertal children (n=16). Subcutaneous vs visceral preadipocytes was evaluated on Adipocyte differentiation and metabolism characteristics. Subcutaneous preadipocytes from children had fewer but larger lipid vesicles and were more inhibited by TNF-alpha, whereas visceral cells were more effectively stimulated by IGF-I.
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