Using a Functional Model to Develop a Mathematical Formula

The unifying theme of models was incorporated into a required Science Capstone course for pre‐service elementary teachers based on national standards in science and mathematics. A model of a teeter‐totter was selectedfor use as an example of a functional model for gathering data as well as a visual model of a mathematical equation for developing the mathematical relationship for a Class 1 lever, M1D1=M1D1. In this study, 20 student groups (n=72) collected data using the model in an inquiry‐based activity. All groups developed the qualitative relationship, 13 groups developed a correct mathematical formula, 6 groups developed one‐half of the relationship (X = mass × distance), and 1 group attempted to develop a procedural relationship. The pre‐service elementary teachers used a variety of model types in the activity including visual/pictorial, functional/physical and mathematical‐both graphs and formulas. The use of the teeter‐totter model as a visual and functional model of a mathematical formula was a factor in developing the mathematical relationship.