Unified Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Isolated Bidirectional CLLC Resonant DC–DC Converters

Due to the bidirectional power transmission, high power density, and high efficiency, bidirectional CLLC resonant converters are attracting more and more research attention in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, the existing models are difficult to unify the bidirectional circuits to analyze and design the circuit factors, and thus the parameter design approach and bidirectional synchronous rectification (SR) become rather complex and cumbersome. Especially in asymmetric parameter design, a lot of calculations or iterations are needed, which seriously increase the difficulty of design. To address this concern, a bidirectional unified modeling, analysis, and design method is proposed in this article. By selecting appropriate and quantitative bidirectional circuit factors, this model unifies the forward and reverse circuits and establishes the relationship between them, which greatly simplifies the calculation or iteration of the parameter design and the complexity of bidirectional SR. In addition, this parameter design method makes the bidirectional gain reach a higher range and reduces the range of bidirectional switching frequency. Finally, this unified modeling, analysis, and design method is verified in bidirectional CLLC resonant converters including symmetrical full-bridge, asymmetrical full-bridge, symmetrical half-bridge, and asymmetrical half-bridge CLLC, respectively.