Distribution of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride between octanol and water

The distributions of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, HCl, MgCl₂, and CaCl₂ between octanol and water were determined for concentrations of the salts in the aqueous phase between 0.01 and 1 M. Evidence for both ion pairs and free ions in the water-saturated octanol was seen. The distributions could be explained in terms of the reactions [four chemical equations are given] for which the thermodynamic equilibrium constants at 25 °C are given. For calculation of the equilibrium constants, mean salt activity coefficients in the aqueous phase were determined through the equations of Pitzer, and activity coefficients in the organic phase were set equal to unity, consistent with the very low concentrations. The specific conductivity of the organic phase was determined and found to be consistent with the speciation determined from the distributions.