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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major pollutant from the palm oil industry and is generally considered waste. This comprehensive assessment examines POME's ability to achieve major Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and develop a circular economy. Advancements in POME technology enable up to 28 m³ biogas per m³ wastewater, resulting in 500 kWh energy recovery and an 80 % decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Waste-to-energy conversion, nutrient recovery, water reclamation, and bioproduct synthesis are among its many uses. These applications tackle global issues. Individual SDG progress and status in 2024 provide an updated view on global sustainability activities. POME is a vital resource for food security, livelihoods, and environmental protection, and sustainable waste management is linked to socio-economic growth. Technological, policy, and budgetary limits are identified, along with solutions. This study links POME uses to the global agenda and promotes its use in policy and industry to achieve sustainable development. The findings highlight the urgent need for novel solutions to turn industrial waste into global sustainability possibilities and establish POME as a key resource for policymakers, researchers, and companies to advance SDG development.
Nagime et al. (Tue,) studied this question.