Key result
Lower socioeconomic status, Black race, and Latino ethnicity are linked to lower smoking cessation rates.
Why the study?
Significant disparities in smoking cessation success persist across socioeconomic groups in the United States, prompting evaluation of cessation rates based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
What are the social determinants of successful smoking cessation among daily smokers in the US over an 8-year period?
Cohort
What are the social determinants of successful smoking cessation among daily smokers in the US over an 8-year period?
Significant disparities exist in smoking cessation success, with lower rates among individuals in poverty, with less education, and of Black or Latino descent, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Disparities may warrant tailored cessation support in practice; leaves open causal pathways and effective interventions.
Background: Smoking cessation is a crucial public health goal due to its substantial impact on reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use. However, significant disparities in smoking cessation success persist across socioeconomic groups in the United States. Objectives: This study aimed to examine differences in smoking cessation rates among daily smokers based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, spanning waves 1 to 6 (eight years). Methods: Longitudinal data from PATH were analyzed, focusing on baseline daily cigarette smokers followed over an eight-year period to assess cessation outcomes. SES was measured by education and poverty status. Successful smoking cessation was defined as sustained abstinence from cigarettes for 12 months or more at the final wave. Logistic regression models identified predictors of successful cessation, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, nicotine dependence, and access to cessation resources. Results: The analysis revealed significant disparities in cessation success across racial, ethnic, and SES groups. Smokers living in poverty and those with lower educational attainment were less likely to achieve cessation success than their counterparts. Race (Black) and ethnicity (Latino) were also significantly associated with lower cessation success. Conclusions: This study highlights the social determinants of smoking cessation success among U.S. adult smokers, with lower success rates observed among those in poverty and with less educational attainment. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that address the unique barriers to cessation faced by low-SES groups. Public health strategies should prioritize equitable access to cessation resources and culturally tailored interventions to reduce these disparities and improve cessation outcomes among all smokers.
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Assari et al. (2024) conducted a cohort in Daily cigarette smokers. Lower socioeconomic status, Black race, and Latino ethnicity vs. Higher socioeconomic status and other racial/ethnic groups was evaluated on Sustained abstinence from cigarettes for 12 months or more at the final wave. Lower socioeconomic status, Black race, and Latino ethnicity were significantly associated with lower rates of successful smoking cessation over 8 years among U.S. adult daily smokers.
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