Clinical Perspective on The Effects of Crocus sativus in Depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Quality

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is a valuable plant used as a spice and for therapeutic purposes in many cultures, especially in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, since ancient times. The therapeutic effects of saffron are based on the bioactive compounds found in its stigma—most notably crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. These compounds have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antidepressant properties in various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Recent studies have begun to examine the effects of saffron more systematically, especially on neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It has been reported that saffron extracts are effective at a level comparable to some antidepressants in cases of mild to moderate depression; they may also help reduce attention and behavioral problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This review summarizes the phytochemical structure of saffron, compiles preclinical and clinical data on its antidepressant and attention-modulating effects, and discusses potential areas of application for future research.