Key result
Protocol outlines meta-analysis evaluating virtual reality-assisted cardiac rehabilitation for anxiety and functional capacity.
Why the study?
Overall cardiac rehabilitation utilisation is often low, and adding novel methods like virtual reality may improve patient compliance, anxiety, and functional capacity.
Does virtual reality added to cardiac rehabilitation improve anxiety and functional capacity in adult patients with cardiac disease?
Meta-Analysis
Does virtual reality added to cardiac rehabilitation improve anxiety and functional capacity in adult patients with cardiac disease?
This protocol outlines a planned systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether virtual reality interventions can reduce anxiety and improve functional capacity during cardiac rehabilitation.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
No results from this VR cardiac rehab meta-analysis protocol; leaves open efficacy on anxiety and capacity pending completion.
Introduction Cardiac rehabilitation has proven beneficial in cardiovascular patients and is strongly recommended for secondary prevention after a coronary event. However, overall utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation is often low. The addition of novel methods of rehabilitation may increase overall compliance with cardiac rehabilitation. The use of virtual reality (VR) has been adopted in a variety of therapeutic ways such as physical rehabilitation in neurological diseases, rehabilitation for various psychiatric illnesses and postcancer rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors. In our meta-analysis, we wish to assess whether the addition of VR (fully immersive or non-immersive) leads to an improvement in anxiety and functional capacity compared with standard cardiac rehabilitation at any phase of the rehabilitation process. Method and analysis This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was structured according to the published Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis—Protocol guidelines. We will devise a search strategy to use online databases to search for the randomised controlled trials. Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria will be defined. The articles will be reviewed by two independent reviewers and any conflict will be adjudicated through discussion. The bias in the selected studies will be assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). The outcome of interest will be anxiety and functional capacity. Effect estimates will be reported as standardised mean difference with 95% CI. Fixed effect model will be used if I 2 <60%, otherwise random effect model will be used to estimate the effect size. Ethics and dissemination There will be no direct involvement of the patient or the public in the conception, design, data collection and analysis of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated via journal articles. In accordance with the guidelines, our systematic review protocol is prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 07 August 2022. PROSPERO ID CRD 42022342736.
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Shahab et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis in Cardiac disease requiring rehabilitation. Virtual reality vs. Standard cardiac rehabilitation was evaluated on Anxiety (assessed by standardized questionnaires) and functional capacity (measured in peak oxygen uptake). Virtual reality-assisted cardiac rehabilitation is the subject of this study protocol, which currently reports no clinical outcomes or quantitative results.
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