Achieving Long-Term Surveillance in VigilNet

Energy efficiency is a fundamental issue for out-door sensor network systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of multi-dimensional power management strategies in VigilNet, a major recent effort to support long-term surveillance using power-constrained sensor devices. We integrate a novel tripwire service with an effective sentry and duty cycle scheduling in order to increase the system lifetime, collaboratively. Through extensive system implementation, we demonstrate the feasibility to achieve high surveillance perfor-mance and energy efficiency, simultaneously. We invest a fair amount of effort to evaluate our architecture with a network of 200 XSM motes in an outdoor environment, an extensive simulation with 10,000 nodes, as well as an analytical probabilistic model. These evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our integrated approach and identify many interesting lessons and guidelines, useful for the future development of energy-efficient sensor systems. I.