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It has been shown that the phase angle of the complex correlation coefficient is a good measure of the average relative angular displacement (veering) between a pair of two-dimensional vector series. The correlation coefficient between the low-frequency (ω<0.6 cpd) components of the current vectors at 20 m and 5 m heights from the ocean bottom at a station near the Oregon coast reveals an Ekman veering of 6°.
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Pijush K. Kundu (1976) studied this question.
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